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Pneumonia
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Overview of Pneumonia 
Pneumonia is a process where inflammation occurs in the lungs. It most often affects the small air sacs where exchange of gases between the blood and the atmosphere takes place. Pneumonia occurs most often in infants, children and elderly people. Certain risk factors, such as smoking, excessive alcohol use and poor nutrition increase the risk of developing pneumonia. As inflammation occurs in the small air sacs, it becomes more difficult for the body to transfer gases between the air within the lungs and the blood stream. There are many causes for pneumonia, both infectious and non-infectious. People who have chronic illnesses or illnesses that adversely affect the immune system are also at an increased risk of developing pneumonia.
Causes of Pneumonia
Most cases of pneumonia in adults are caused by bacterial infections. They may occur as a complication of a viral infection of the respiratory tract. Other forms of pneumonia, such as fungal and protozoa, are more common in people whose immune system has been damaged. Aspiration pneumonia occurs from inhaling some of one's own vomitus. This is a common occurrence when a person may be intoxicated or have suffered a severe head injury.
Signs and Symptoms of Pneumonia
Bacterial pneumonia usually progresses rapidly. Cough develops, which may become blood tinged. Chest pain is present that is usually worsened when the person breathes in. Shortness of breath may occur and may be worsened by any form of exercise. Fever and confusion may also occur.
Other forms of pneumonia, such as produced with fungi, tuberculosis and protozoa are usually slower in onset. Cough, shortness of breath, fatigue may occur. Inhaling irritants to the lungs may produce sudden, severe chemical irritation of the small air sacs. Rapid onset of shortness of breath, chest pain and cough may occur.
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