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Polycythemia
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Overview of Polycythemia 
Polycythemia is defined as an increase in red blood cells in the body. It occurs more often in adults over age 50, but has a range of ages from 15 to 90. It is more common in men. The disease has 3 forms. Polycythemia vera is the disorder in which there is an overproduction of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Secondary polycythemia, or reactive polycythemia, is a complication of diseases or factors other than blood-cell disorders. Stress polycythemia, or pseudopolycythemia, develops from a decrease in the liquid portion of the blood, plasma.
Causes of Polycythemia
The cause of Polycythemia vera is unknown. This form of polycythemia may occasionally develop into another disease of the bone marrow, such as leukemia. Secondary polycythemia can occur from congenital heart disease, chronic lung disease, cigarette or cigar smoking, or living at high altitudes. Stress polycythemia occurs due to reduction in the liquid portion or the blood or plasma. This can develop from the use of diuretic drugs, smoking, and dehydration. It can occur in people who use excessive alcohol.
Signs and Symptoms of Polycythemia
A ruddy or red complexion develops due to the high concentration of red cells in the blood. Headache and ringing in the ears (tinnitus) may occur. The vision may become blurred. Dizziness or vertigo may develop. Itching of the skin can develop, especially after a hot bath. Bleeding and easy bruising may occur. If the spleen enlarges, discomfort in the left upper abdomen may be felt. All of these disorders lead to impaired flow of the blood. This can lead to potential obstruction of blood vessels or strokes.
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